This book radically reforms the classical paradigm of international law. It proposes a novel theoretical framework of the ‘separation of powers in a globalised democratic society’, where both actors and norms are pluralised beyond a unitary and monolithic 'state' and international law as norms of, by, and for ‘states’. The book applies this framework to holistically examine the interactions between human rights treaty organs – the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and the UN Human Rights Committee – and state organs, including parliaments, courts, administrative organs, and national human rights institutions.The book provides an innovative, original contribution to both the theory and practice of international human rights law.