Microbial Electrochemical Systems highlights major challenges in large scale operation and presents the future scope of these techniques to make treatment processes more sustainable as new hybrid technologies combining algae, bacteria, and chemical agents are being developed for sustainable wastewater treatment processes.This book delves into the latest advancements in Microbial Electrochemical Systems, emphasizing the major obstacles faced during large-scale operations and outlining the future potential of these techniques to enhance sustainability in treatment processes.As urbanization and intensive agriculture increase, the variety and concentration of contaminants in wastewater continue to grow.The book addresses these evolving challenges with innovative solutions. Moreover, the book emphasizes the limitations of conventional wastewater treatment methods, which often require longer processing times and higher energy input.By exploring the potential of Microbial Electrochemical Systems (MES), the book offers insights into a more sustainable approach to wastewater treatment.It also highlights the global significance of adopting these advanced technologies to cope with the rising levels of pollutants due to modern detergents, soaps, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.The comprehensive examination of MES in this book provides a clear understanding of how these systems can revolutionize wastewater management.