This book deals with Private Information Retrieval (PIR), a technique allowing a user to retrieve an element from a server in possession of a database without revealing to the server which element is retrieved.PIR has been widely applied to protect the privacy of the user in querying a service provider on the Internet.For example, by PIR, one can query a location-based service provider about the nearest car park without revealing his location to the server.The first PIR approach was introduced by Chor, Goldreich, Kushilevitz and Sudan in 1995 in a multi-server setting, where the user retrieves information from multiple database servers, each of which has a copy of the same database.To ensure user privacy in the multi-server setting, the servers must be trusted not to collude.In 1997, Kushilevitz and Ostrovsky constructed the first single-database PIR.Since then, many efficient PIR solutions have been discovered.Beginning with a thorough survey of single-database PIR techniques,this text focuses on the latest technologies and applications in the field of PIR.The main categories are illustrated with recently proposed PIR-based solutions by the authors. Because of the latest treatment of the topic, this text will be highly beneficial to researchers and industry professionals in information security and privacy.