Combinatorics on words has arisen independently within several branches of mathematics, for instance number theory, group theory and probability, and appears frequently in problems related to theoretical computer science.The first unified treatment of the area was given in Lothaire's book Combinatorics on Words. Originally published in 2002, this book presents several more topics and provides deeper insights into subjects discussed in the previous volume.An introductory chapter provides the reader with all the necessary background material.There are numerous examples, full proofs whenever possible and a notes section discussing further developments in the area.This book is both a comprehensive introduction to the subject and a valuable reference source for researchers.