With advances in medicine and medical innovation, the face of neurosurgery has changed dramatically.A new era of surgeons value the need to undertake research in everyday practice and actively participate in the clinic and laboratory in order to improve patient prognosis.Highlighting the principles of basic neuroscience and its application to neurosurgical disease, this book breaks down neurological conditions into current academic themes and advances.The book is split into two sections, with the first covering basic and computational neuroscience including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and the growing use of artificial intelligence.The second section concentrates on specific conditions, such as gliomas, degenerative cervical myelopathy and peripheral nerve injury.Outlining the pathophysiological underpinnings of neurosurgical conditions and the key investigative tools used to study disease burden, this book will be an invaluable source for the academic neurosurgeon undertaking basic and translational research.