The IISS Strategic Dossier Turbulence in the Eastern Mediterranean: Geopolitical, Security and Energy Dynamics surveys the geopolitical landscape, defence dynamics and energy prospects of the region that spans Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, Libya, Syria and Turkiye.It assesses the security outlook for the region, considering potential flashpoints for intra- and inter-state conflict and evaluating whether newly developed defence ties could evolve into formal alliances.Energy discoveries made in the region in recent years have spurred states’ ambitions to become energy hubs.The dossier evaluates whether such aspirations could lay the foundations for deeper regional cooperation or, conversely, increase the risk of confrontation. The dossier includes both thematic and country-specific chapters.In addition to the countries in the area of study, it explores the involvement of seven external powers – China, the European Union, France, the Gulf Cooperation Council states, NATO, Russia and the United States – and assesses where the opportunities and risks for these actors lie. This volume will be essential for policymakers and business leaders seeking a better understanding of the factors shaping the geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean region.