E and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Millions of children throughout Africa undertake many forms of farm and domestic work.Some of this work is for wages, some is on their family’s own small plots and some is forced and/or harmful.This book examines children’s involvement in such work.It argues that framing all children’s engagement in economic activity as ‘child labour’, with all the associated negative connotations, is problematic.This is particularly the case in Africa where many rural children must work to survive and where, the contributors argue, much of the work undertaken is not harmful. The conceptual and case-based chapters reframe the debate about children’s work and harm in rural Africa with the aim of shifting research, public discourse and policy so that they better serve the interest of rural children and their families.